Network
Launch Date
Consensus
Note
Sepolia
Oct 2021
PoW
Like-for-like representation of Ethereum
Görli
Jan 2019
PoA
Proof-of-Authority
Kiln
Mar 2022
PoS
Post-Merge (for ETH2), shadow fork of the mainnet
Kintsugi
Dec 2021
PoS
DEPRECATED, use Kiln; post-Merge (for ETH2)
Ropsten
Nov 2016
PoW
DEPRECATED, use Sepolia; the Merge to happen on Jun 8, 2022
Rinkeby
Apr 2017
PoA
DEPRECATED, use Görli and Görli Faucet
Kovan
Mar 2017
PoA
DEPRECATED, use Sepolia or Görli
List of active and deprecated Ethereum testnets, including Kintsugi.
Features
Optimistic rollup 
ZK-rollup 
Proof
Uses fraud proofs to prove transaction validity. 
Uses validity (zero-knowledge) proofs to prove transaction validity. 
Capital efficiency
Requires waiting through a 1-week delay (dispute period) before withdrawing funds. 
Users can withdraw funds immediately because validity proofs provide incontrovertible evidence of the authenticity of off-chain transactions. 
Data compression
Publishes full transaction data as calldata to Ethereum Mainnet, which increases rollup costs. 
Doesn't need to publish transaction data on Ethereum because ZK-SNARKs and ZK-STARKs already guarantee the accuracy of the rollup state. 
EVM compatibility
Uses a simulation of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), which allows it to run arbitrary logic and support smart contracts. 
Doesn't widely support EVM computation, although a few EVM-compatible ZK-rollups have appeared. 
Rollup costs
Reduces costs since it publishes minimal data on Ethereum and doesn't have to post proofs for transactions, except in special circumstances. 
Faces higher overhead from costs involved in generating and verifying proofs for every transaction block. ZK proofs require specialized, expensive hardware to create and have high on-chain verification costs. 
Trust assumptions
Doesn't require a trusted setup. 
Requires a trusted setup to work. 
Liveness requirements
Verifiers are needed to keep tabs on the actual rollup state and the one referenced in the state root to detect fraud. 
Users don't need someone to watch the L2 chain to detect fraud. 
Security properties 
Relies on cryptoeconomic incentives to assure users of rollup security. 
Relies on cryptographic guarantees for security. 
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curl 
https://release.solana.com/v1.10.32/solana-install-init-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.exe 
--output 
C:\solana-install-tmp\solana-install-init.exe 
--create-dirs
Wallets
WALLETCONNECT OVERVIEW

What is WalletConnect?(And How to Use It)

Use This Open Source Protocol to connect to Your Wallet
Last Updated:
April 30, 2022

WalletConnect is a single-integration, open-source protocol.  Developers can use WalletConnect to enable users from 166 wallets to log into decentralized applications they’ve created. These applications, also known as dApps, are apps hosted on decentralized networks like the Ethereum Virtual Machine

This article will explain the important role WalletConnect plays in the ecosystem, the technical details of the protocol, and how to use the app.

Why use WalletConnect to connect to your wallet?

Ethereum developers formerly built individual integrations for every single web3 crypto wallet so wallet users could log into their application.

This punished the first adopters of new wallets. Because developers were unlikely to code integrations for niche wallets with small user bases, it centralized the Ethereum ecosystem around MetaMask, the default wallet. 

WalletConnect changed this: for the cost of a single integration, users could gain access to 161 different wallets. Today,166 dApps offer WalletConnect as a login option, including some of the biggest dApps in the ecosystem such as Uniswap, OpenSea, and Etherscan. 

WalletConnect has enabled an explosion of creativity in wallet design and features by making it effortless for developers to open their apps up to users of all kinds of wallets. This protocol is symbolic of cryptocurrency’s ethos in decentralizing power and enabling new experiences for users.

What chains does WalletConnect support?

WalletConnect supports the Ethereum, Cosmos, Polkadot, Near, Solana, and Celo chains, but not the Binance Smart Chain.

WalletConnect is even capable of connecting a wallet to different chains at the same time.

What wallets are compatible with WalletConnect?

Examples of compatible wallets include:

  • Metamask
  • Rainbow
  • Crypto.com DeFi Wallet
  • Argent Wallet
  • Gnosis Safe MultiSig Wallet
  • Trust Wallet
  • Ledger

Note: WalletConnect is not compatible with Coinbase Wallet.  

How to use WalletConnect?

  1. Head to a dApp which supports WalletConnect. The dApp and wallet of choice in this tutorial will be Uniswap, a decentralized finance application, and Rainbow respectively, but the instructions will work for any WalletConnect-compatible dApp and wallet. Click ‘Connect Wallet’ to begin.

  1. Next select WalletConnect from the options shown. A QR code should pop up on your screen. WalletConnect assumes by default that users wish to login through a mobile wallet. If you plan on using a desktop wallet instead, click the ‘Desktop’ label. 

  1. Pull out your phone and open your mobile wallet. Most wallets will have an icon of a hollowed out square, as seen on the right in the image below. Tapping this icon will bring out the camera to scan the QR code. If this symbol does not exist, head to settings and look for ‘Scan QR code’. 
  1.  After scanning, the dApp will request permission to connect.
  1. You have now successfully logged into the dApp through your wallet.

Is WalletConnect safe?

Yes! The information sent between dApps and wallets is encrypted symmetrically with a key that only these two entities possess. 

The key is sent directly to the wallet from the dApp. Whether users scan through the QR code or choose deep linking with a desktop wallet, there are no intermediaries. 

While information between the two is handled by a public bridge server, the server does not receive the key needed to decrypt the information. Furthermore, developers can choose to host their own bridge servers for full protection.

The beauty of this design is that WalletConnect does not need your seed nor recovery phrase to login to a dApp.Below is a diagram that showcases the flow of information between the dApp and wallet, mediated by the bridge server. 

Source

Inside the QR code is WalletConnect’s URI scheme, which is shown below, along with a table that explains what the variables represent.

Source

WalletConnect’s codebase

You can find WalletConnect’s codebase on the WalletConnect Github

How to implement WalletConnect

For the most up to date instructions on how to implement WalletConnect, find the docs here.

WalletConnect alternatives and competitors

There are no real competitors to WalletConnect. Because Metamask uses WalletConnect as a login option for their mobile wallet, the WalletConnect vs MetaMask comparison is a false dichotomy.

In conclusion

Just like WalletConnect, we at Alchemy push the ecosystem forward by making life easier for developers through our products. 

When developers stop self-hosting nodes and switch to Alchemy Supernode, they’re taking advantage of the most widely used API for node management. Supernode provides a powerful suite of analytics and developer tools, which can speed up the debugging process and provide simple API calls for important requests. 

Explore the suite of products that support over $100 billion in transactions and some of the most popular dApps like OpenSea and NBA Top Shot at Alchemy.com.

Want more? Learn how API3 is using Alchemy in a variety of ways, including powering WalletConnect integration on their DAO dashboard.

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Wallets
WALLETCONNECT OVERVIEW

What is WalletConnect?

Use This Open Source Protocol to connect to Your Wallet
Last Updated:
April 30, 2022
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Table of Contents

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WalletConnect is a single-integration, open-source protocol.  Developers can use WalletConnect to enable users from 166 wallets to log into decentralized applications they’ve created. These applications, also known as dApps, are apps hosted on decentralized networks like the Ethereum Virtual Machine

This article will explain the important role WalletConnect plays in the ecosystem, the technical details of the protocol, and how to use the app.

Why use WalletConnect to connect to your wallet?

Ethereum developers formerly built individual integrations for every single web3 crypto wallet so wallet users could log into their application.

This punished the first adopters of new wallets. Because developers were unlikely to code integrations for niche wallets with small user bases, it centralized the Ethereum ecosystem around MetaMask, the default wallet. 

WalletConnect changed this: for the cost of a single integration, users could gain access to 161 different wallets. Today,166 dApps offer WalletConnect as a login option, including some of the biggest dApps in the ecosystem such as Uniswap, OpenSea, and Etherscan. 

WalletConnect has enabled an explosion of creativity in wallet design and features by making it effortless for developers to open their apps up to users of all kinds of wallets. This protocol is symbolic of cryptocurrency’s ethos in decentralizing power and enabling new experiences for users.

What chains does WalletConnect support?

WalletConnect supports the Ethereum, Cosmos, Polkadot, Near, Solana, and Celo chains, but not the Binance Smart Chain.

WalletConnect is even capable of connecting a wallet to different chains at the same time.

What wallets are compatible with WalletConnect?

Examples of compatible wallets include:

  • Metamask
  • Rainbow
  • Crypto.com DeFi Wallet
  • Argent Wallet
  • Gnosis Safe MultiSig Wallet
  • Trust Wallet
  • Ledger

Note: WalletConnect is not compatible with Coinbase Wallet.  

How to use WalletConnect?

  1. Head to a dApp which supports WalletConnect. The dApp and wallet of choice in this tutorial will be Uniswap, a decentralized finance application, and Rainbow respectively, but the instructions will work for any WalletConnect-compatible dApp and wallet. Click ‘Connect Wallet’ to begin.

  1. Next select WalletConnect from the options shown. A QR code should pop up on your screen. WalletConnect assumes by default that users wish to login through a mobile wallet. If you plan on using a desktop wallet instead, click the ‘Desktop’ label. 

  1. Pull out your phone and open your mobile wallet. Most wallets will have an icon of a hollowed out square, as seen on the right in the image below. Tapping this icon will bring out the camera to scan the QR code. If this symbol does not exist, head to settings and look for ‘Scan QR code’. 
  1.  After scanning, the dApp will request permission to connect.
  1. You have now successfully logged into the dApp through your wallet.

Is WalletConnect safe?

Yes! The information sent between dApps and wallets is encrypted symmetrically with a key that only these two entities possess. 

The key is sent directly to the wallet from the dApp. Whether users scan through the QR code or choose deep linking with a desktop wallet, there are no intermediaries. 

While information between the two is handled by a public bridge server, the server does not receive the key needed to decrypt the information. Furthermore, developers can choose to host their own bridge servers for full protection.

The beauty of this design is that WalletConnect does not need your seed nor recovery phrase to login to a dApp.Below is a diagram that showcases the flow of information between the dApp and wallet, mediated by the bridge server. 

Source

Inside the QR code is WalletConnect’s URI scheme, which is shown below, along with a table that explains what the variables represent.

Source

WalletConnect’s codebase

You can find WalletConnect’s codebase on the WalletConnect Github

How to implement WalletConnect

For the most up to date instructions on how to implement WalletConnect, find the docs here.

WalletConnect alternatives and competitors

There are no real competitors to WalletConnect. Because Metamask uses WalletConnect as a login option for their mobile wallet, the WalletConnect vs MetaMask comparison is a false dichotomy.

In conclusion

Just like WalletConnect, we at Alchemy push the ecosystem forward by making life easier for developers through our products. 

When developers stop self-hosting nodes and switch to Alchemy Supernode, they’re taking advantage of the most widely used API for node management. Supernode provides a powerful suite of analytics and developer tools, which can speed up the debugging process and provide simple API calls for important requests. 

Explore the suite of products that support over $100 billion in transactions and some of the most popular dApps like OpenSea and NBA Top Shot at Alchemy.com.

Want more? Learn how API3 is using Alchemy in a variety of ways, including powering WalletConnect integration on their DAO dashboard.

WalletConnect is a single-integration, open-source protocol.  Developers can use WalletConnect to enable users from 166 wallets to log into decentralized applications they’ve created. These applications, also known as dApps, are apps hosted on decentralized networks like the Ethereum Virtual Machine

This article will explain the important role WalletConnect plays in the ecosystem, the technical details of the protocol, and how to use the app.

Why use WalletConnect to connect to your wallet?

Ethereum developers formerly built individual integrations for every single web3 crypto wallet so wallet users could log into their application.

This punished the first adopters of new wallets. Because developers were unlikely to code integrations for niche wallets with small user bases, it centralized the Ethereum ecosystem around MetaMask, the default wallet. 

WalletConnect changed this: for the cost of a single integration, users could gain access to 161 different wallets. Today,166 dApps offer WalletConnect as a login option, including some of the biggest dApps in the ecosystem such as Uniswap, OpenSea, and Etherscan. 

WalletConnect has enabled an explosion of creativity in wallet design and features by making it effortless for developers to open their apps up to users of all kinds of wallets. This protocol is symbolic of cryptocurrency’s ethos in decentralizing power and enabling new experiences for users.

What chains does WalletConnect support?

WalletConnect supports the Ethereum, Cosmos, Polkadot, Near, Solana, and Celo chains, but not the Binance Smart Chain.

WalletConnect is even capable of connecting a wallet to different chains at the same time.

What wallets are compatible with WalletConnect?

Examples of compatible wallets include:

  • Metamask
  • Rainbow
  • Crypto.com DeFi Wallet
  • Argent Wallet
  • Gnosis Safe MultiSig Wallet
  • Trust Wallet
  • Ledger

Note: WalletConnect is not compatible with Coinbase Wallet.  

How to use WalletConnect?

  1. Head to a dApp which supports WalletConnect. The dApp and wallet of choice in this tutorial will be Uniswap, a decentralized finance application, and Rainbow respectively, but the instructions will work for any WalletConnect-compatible dApp and wallet. Click ‘Connect Wallet’ to begin.

  1. Next select WalletConnect from the options shown. A QR code should pop up on your screen. WalletConnect assumes by default that users wish to login through a mobile wallet. If you plan on using a desktop wallet instead, click the ‘Desktop’ label. 

  1. Pull out your phone and open your mobile wallet. Most wallets will have an icon of a hollowed out square, as seen on the right in the image below. Tapping this icon will bring out the camera to scan the QR code. If this symbol does not exist, head to settings and look for ‘Scan QR code’. 
  1.  After scanning, the dApp will request permission to connect.
  1. You have now successfully logged into the dApp through your wallet.

Is WalletConnect safe?

Yes! The information sent between dApps and wallets is encrypted symmetrically with a key that only these two entities possess. 

The key is sent directly to the wallet from the dApp. Whether users scan through the QR code or choose deep linking with a desktop wallet, there are no intermediaries. 

While information between the two is handled by a public bridge server, the server does not receive the key needed to decrypt the information. Furthermore, developers can choose to host their own bridge servers for full protection.

The beauty of this design is that WalletConnect does not need your seed nor recovery phrase to login to a dApp.Below is a diagram that showcases the flow of information between the dApp and wallet, mediated by the bridge server. 

Source

Inside the QR code is WalletConnect’s URI scheme, which is shown below, along with a table that explains what the variables represent.

Source

WalletConnect’s codebase

You can find WalletConnect’s codebase on the WalletConnect Github

How to implement WalletConnect

For the most up to date instructions on how to implement WalletConnect, find the docs here.

WalletConnect alternatives and competitors

There are no real competitors to WalletConnect. Because Metamask uses WalletConnect as a login option for their mobile wallet, the WalletConnect vs MetaMask comparison is a false dichotomy.

In conclusion

Just like WalletConnect, we at Alchemy push the ecosystem forward by making life easier for developers through our products. 

When developers stop self-hosting nodes and switch to Alchemy Supernode, they’re taking advantage of the most widely used API for node management. Supernode provides a powerful suite of analytics and developer tools, which can speed up the debugging process and provide simple API calls for important requests. 

Explore the suite of products that support over $100 billion in transactions and some of the most popular dApps like OpenSea and NBA Top Shot at Alchemy.com.

Want more? Learn how API3 is using Alchemy in a variety of ways, including powering WalletConnect integration on their DAO dashboard.

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