Network
Launch Date
Consensus
Note
Sepolia
Oct 2021
PoW
Like-for-like representation of Ethereum
GĂśrli
Jan 2019
PoA
Proof-of-Authority
Kiln
Mar 2022
PoS
Post-Merge (for ETH2), shadow fork of the mainnet
Kintsugi
Dec 2021
PoS
DEPRECATED, use Kiln; post-Merge (for ETH2)
Ropsten
Nov 2016
PoW
DEPRECATED, use Sepolia; the Merge to happen on Jun 8, 2022
Rinkeby
Apr 2017
PoA
DEPRECATED, use GĂśrli and GĂśrli Faucet
Kovan
Mar 2017
PoA
DEPRECATED, use Sepolia or GĂśrli
List of active and deprecated Ethereum testnets, including Kintsugi.
Features
Optimistic rollup 
ZK-rollup 
Proof
Uses fraud proofs to prove transaction validity. 
Uses validity (zero-knowledge) proofs to prove transaction validity. 
Capital efficiency
Requires waiting through a 1-week delay (dispute period) before withdrawing funds. 
Users can withdraw funds immediately because validity proofs provide incontrovertible evidence of the authenticity of off-chain transactions. 
Data compression
Publishes full transaction data as calldata to Ethereum Mainnet, which increases rollup costs. 
Doesn't need to publish transaction data on Ethereum because ZK-SNARKs and ZK-STARKs already guarantee the accuracy of the rollup state. 
EVM compatibility
Uses a simulation of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), which allows it to run arbitrary logic and support smart contracts. 
Doesn't widely support EVM computation, although a few EVM-compatible ZK-rollups have appeared. 
Rollup costs
Reduces costs since it publishes minimal data on Ethereum and doesn't have to post proofs for transactions, except in special circumstances. 
Faces higher overhead from costs involved in generating and verifying proofs for every transaction block. ZK proofs require specialized, expensive hardware to create and have high on-chain verification costs. 
Trust assumptions
Doesn't require a trusted setup. 
Requires a trusted setup to work. 
Liveness requirements
Verifiers are needed to keep tabs on the actual rollup state and the one referenced in the state root to detect fraud. 
Users don't need someone to watch the L2 chain to detect fraud. 
Security properties 
Relies on cryptoeconomic incentives to assure users of rollup security. 
Relies on cryptographic guarantees for security. 
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Testnets
SEPOLIA TESTNET OVERVIEW

What is the Sepolia testnet?

What Makes Sepolia Testnet Unique and How to Get Sepolia ETH
Last Updated:
March 3, 2023
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Table of Contents

{{building-sepolia-ad}}

In this article we will explain what Sepolia is, Sepolia's network and RPC information, and how to get test Sepolia ETH tokens.

What is the Sepolia Testnet?

Sepolia was a proof-of-authority testnet created in October 2021 by Ethereum core developers and maintained ever since. After the Ropsten testnet reached a Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD) of 50000000000000000 the Sepolia and the Goerli testnets transitioned to a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism to mimic the Ethereum mainnet.

Testnets are blockchains designed to mimic the operating environment of a ‘mainnet’ but exist on a separate ledger. These testnets help developers test their applications and smart contracts in a risk-free way before deploying their products to Ethereum’s mainnet environment.

Sepolia was designed to simulate harsh network conditions, and has shorter block times, which enable faster transaction confirmation times and feedback for developers.

Compared to other testnets like Goerli, Sepolia's total number of testnet tokens is uncapped, which means it is less likely that developers using Sepolia will face testnet token scarcity like Goerli.

Sepolia Network Information

If you are adding the Sepolia blockchain to your wallet, this is the network information to include:

  • Network Name - Sepolia Test Netwok
  • RPC URL - https://eth-sepolia.g.alchemy.com/v2/[YOUR-API-KEY]
  • Chain ID - 11155111
  • Currency Symbol - SepoliaETH
  • Block Explorer URL - https://sepolia.etherscan.io/

Note: There is also a 1-click option to add Sepolia to your wallet in the Alchemy dashboard.

How to get Sepolia testnet ETH?

Sepolia ETH can be obtained from a Sepolia testnet faucet, that allows anyone to send a small amount of fake Sepolia ETH to their wallet. Sepolia ETH is the currency used to pay to complete transactions on the Sepolia testnet, similar to how ETH is used to pay for computation on the Ethereum’s mainnet which is also a Proof-of-Work chain before the merge.

  1. Head to Alchemy's free Sepolia Faucet
  2. Sign in to your Alchemy account
  3. Enter your wallet address or ENS name
  4. Click "Send Me ETH"
Sepolia faucet interface for getting free SepoliaETH

A popup will display ‘Transaction sent’ with the amount of Sepolia ETH deposited to your wallet.

Next, you can check your Ethereum wallet to confirm you received the SepoliaETH.

SepoliaETH tokens in a new MetaMask wallet.

With your Sepolia ETH, you can now begin running smart contracts on the Sepolia testnet.

To view the date and time, the transaction fee, the gas burnt, and other transaction details, you can look up your transaction hash on the Sepolia Etherscan.

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Testnets
SEPOLIA TESTNET OVERVIEW

What is the Sepolia testnet?

What Makes Sepolia Testnet Unique and How to Get Sepolia ETH
Last Updated:
March 3, 2023
Last Updated:
March 14, 2023
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{{building-sepolia-ad}}

In this article we will explain what Sepolia is, Sepolia's network and RPC information, and how to get test Sepolia ETH tokens.

What is the Sepolia Testnet?

Sepolia was a proof-of-authority testnet created in October 2021 by Ethereum core developers and maintained ever since. After the Ropsten testnet reached a Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD) of 50000000000000000 the Sepolia and the Goerli testnets transitioned to a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism to mimic the Ethereum mainnet.

Testnets are blockchains designed to mimic the operating environment of a ‘mainnet’ but exist on a separate ledger. These testnets help developers test their applications and smart contracts in a risk-free way before deploying their products to Ethereum’s mainnet environment.

Sepolia was designed to simulate harsh network conditions, and has shorter block times, which enable faster transaction confirmation times and feedback for developers.

Compared to other testnets like Goerli, Sepolia's total number of testnet tokens is uncapped, which means it is less likely that developers using Sepolia will face testnet token scarcity like Goerli.

Sepolia Network Information

If you are adding the Sepolia blockchain to your wallet, this is the network information to include:

  • Network Name - Sepolia Test Netwok
  • RPC URL - https://eth-sepolia.g.alchemy.com/v2/[YOUR-API-KEY]
  • Chain ID - 11155111
  • Currency Symbol - SepoliaETH
  • Block Explorer URL - https://sepolia.etherscan.io/

Note: There is also a 1-click option to add Sepolia to your wallet in the Alchemy dashboard.

How to get Sepolia testnet ETH?

Sepolia ETH can be obtained from a Sepolia testnet faucet, that allows anyone to send a small amount of fake Sepolia ETH to their wallet. Sepolia ETH is the currency used to pay to complete transactions on the Sepolia testnet, similar to how ETH is used to pay for computation on the Ethereum’s mainnet which is also a Proof-of-Work chain before the merge.

  1. Head to Alchemy's free Sepolia Faucet
  2. Sign in to your Alchemy account
  3. Enter your wallet address or ENS name
  4. Click "Send Me ETH"
Sepolia faucet interface for getting free SepoliaETH

A popup will display ‘Transaction sent’ with the amount of Sepolia ETH deposited to your wallet.

Next, you can check your Ethereum wallet to confirm you received the SepoliaETH.

SepoliaETH tokens in a new MetaMask wallet.

With your Sepolia ETH, you can now begin running smart contracts on the Sepolia testnet.

To view the date and time, the transaction fee, the gas burnt, and other transaction details, you can look up your transaction hash on the Sepolia Etherscan.

In this article we will explain what Sepolia is, Sepolia's network and RPC information, and how to get test Sepolia ETH tokens.

What is the Sepolia Testnet?

Sepolia was a proof-of-authority testnet created in October 2021 by Ethereum core developers and maintained ever since. After the Ropsten testnet reached a Terminal Total Difficulty (TTD) of 50000000000000000 the Sepolia and the Goerli testnets transitioned to a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism to mimic the Ethereum mainnet.

Testnets are blockchains designed to mimic the operating environment of a ‘mainnet’ but exist on a separate ledger. These testnets help developers test their applications and smart contracts in a risk-free way before deploying their products to Ethereum’s mainnet environment.

Sepolia was designed to simulate harsh network conditions, and has shorter block times, which enable faster transaction confirmation times and feedback for developers.

Compared to other testnets like Goerli, Sepolia's total number of testnet tokens is uncapped, which means it is less likely that developers using Sepolia will face testnet token scarcity like Goerli.

Sepolia Network Information

If you are adding the Sepolia blockchain to your wallet, this is the network information to include:

  • Network Name - Sepolia Test Netwok
  • RPC URL - https://eth-sepolia.g.alchemy.com/v2/[YOUR-API-KEY]
  • Chain ID - 11155111
  • Currency Symbol - SepoliaETH
  • Block Explorer URL - https://sepolia.etherscan.io/

Note: There is also a 1-click option to add Sepolia to your wallet in the Alchemy dashboard.

How to get Sepolia testnet ETH?

Sepolia ETH can be obtained from a Sepolia testnet faucet, that allows anyone to send a small amount of fake Sepolia ETH to their wallet. Sepolia ETH is the currency used to pay to complete transactions on the Sepolia testnet, similar to how ETH is used to pay for computation on the Ethereum’s mainnet which is also a Proof-of-Work chain before the merge.

  1. Head to Alchemy's free Sepolia Faucet
  2. Sign in to your Alchemy account
  3. Enter your wallet address or ENS name
  4. Click "Send Me ETH"
Sepolia faucet interface for getting free SepoliaETH

A popup will display ‘Transaction sent’ with the amount of Sepolia ETH deposited to your wallet.

Next, you can check your Ethereum wallet to confirm you received the SepoliaETH.

SepoliaETH tokens in a new MetaMask wallet.

With your Sepolia ETH, you can now begin running smart contracts on the Sepolia testnet.

To view the date and time, the transaction fee, the gas burnt, and other transaction details, you can look up your transaction hash on the Sepolia Etherscan.

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